Aquadine pipe treatment5/7/2023 ![]() įantail goldfish is a popular species in Malaysia. These plants have no market value or possess very low price. Duckweed and azolla grow in stagnant and sewage-fed water bodies and are considered obnoxious due to their tendency to overgrow, choke drains, and hamper fishing and clearance operations. have suggested duckweed as a good source of vitamins and minerals in addition to a small proportion of protein. Moreover, both these plants can reproduce by sexual as well as vegetative (asexual) methods for self-renewal. Both plants have small leaves that float on the water surface, and fish are often seen biting off pieces of the leaves, suggesting that these plants can also be a source of nourishment. In this study, two types of aquatic plants, duckweed ( Lemna sp.) and azolla ( Azolla sp.), were selected for stocking in the aquarium with the fantail goldfish. Generally, plants are known for the uptake of nitrate however, all the species of plants do not function properly and survive under aquarium conditions. In this manner, the water quality problem is controlled to sustain the aquarium operations. This problem can be addressed by stocking selected species of plants for uptake of NO 3 as a nutrient to gain biomass. Although NO 3 − is not very toxic to fish, its accumulation in large concentrations for extended periods can become a problem. While the other group of bacteria, called Nitrobacter sp., transforms NO 2 − to NO 3 −. Conversion of NH 3 to NO 2 − is carried out by Nitrosomonas sp. It is the process of oxidation of the waste products in which ammonia (NH 3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO 2 −), which is converted to nitrate (NO 3 −) that is relatively much less toxic compared to NH 3 and NO 2 −. Ammonia and nitrite concentrations are reduced by nitrifying bacteria that colonize the suitable substrate to carry out the biological filtration. Biological filtration can be very effective in the removal of excess ammonia in the aquarium water. It is vital to select an appropriate filtration system for the aquarium according to selected species and their maintenance requirements. Usually, aquariums are provided with filtration systems to maintain water quality. Even in small amounts, it causes stress to the fish and makes it susceptible to bacterial infections and other health problems. The nitrogenous waste of significant concern is ammonia, which is highly toxic. If the waste is not efficiently handled, water quality impairment creates insanitation and mortality of the fish. Fantail goldfish possess high appetite, resulting in large quantities of metabolic waste in the water through faeces and gills. It is an opportunistic feeder and accepts various types of foods that can fit its mouth size. Typical habitat includes weedy ponds, shallow lakes, and slow-flowing rivers, especially those with submerged aquatic vegetation. The life span of the fish is typically six to seven years, but it can be as long as 30 years. Goldfish may grow to 45 cm total length (TL) and 3 kg body weight however, their average size observed is 20 cm TL, and they weigh around 100–300 g. The domestication process of goldfish strains has been documented in many different countries. ![]() It can also interbreed with Koi and common carp to produce sterile hybrids. Typically, goldfish can hybridize with some other Carassius carp species. Fantail goldfish resembles the crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Linneaus, 1758), but it is more elongated and has a slightly concave dorsal fin and larger scales. It is a scaly, high-bodied, and laterally compressed fish the dorsal fin is long with a slightly serrated third spine. Its mouth is small and terminal, without barbels, and the fish does not possess a tail spot and has fewer than 31 scales along the lateral line. Historically, it is one of the earliest fishes to be domesticated for aquariums. Ĭarassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), known as fantail goldfish, is among the most popular ornamental fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae and subfamily Cyprininae. The ornamental fish trade creates jobs and income and contribute to economy. Furthermore, Malaysia exports more than 200 ornamental fish species to cater to the overseas demand. In Malaysia, ornamental fish keeping is a popular hobby. Many of the ornamental fish species possess these attributes and are of small size that can be easily accommodated in the aquarium. The important qualities of ornamental fish are colouration and patterns, acceptance of artificial feed, resilience to captive conditions, and compatibility with members of the same or different species. Some fish species are often referred to as ‘living jewels,’ referring to their attractive colouration and fascinating behaviour. Ornamental fish culture is a growing industry and is considered a profitable enterprise.
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